Abstract: Pervious concrete (PC) is considered a solution to reduce the effects of heat islands, runoff problems, and the concentrations of pollutants present in the water; however, its potential as a filter bed is used in the treatment of sanitary sewage has never been evaluated. This work aimed to assess the influence of photocatalytic TiO2 addition in PC on the concentration of total phosphorus, total ammonia, nitrate, total solids, and turbidity for application in the treatment of sanitary sewage. Sunlight was used as a radiation source. A flat photocatalytic reactor was built, in which 100 liters of raw sewage were pumped, with a flow of 100 L/min over the PC slabs, covering a total area of 1 m². The TiO2 concentrations added to the PC were 3, 6, and 10%. The results indicate efficiency in the adsorption of total phosphorus, total ammonia, nitrate, total solids, and turbidity. Thus, using PC associated with 10% TiO2 can add efficiency to the sanitary sewage treatment process by maintaining good mechanical and hydraulic behavior.

Resumen: El concreto permeable (CP) se considera una solución para reducir los efectos de las islas de calor, los problemas de escorrentía y las concentraciones de contaminantes presentes en el agua; sin embargo, nunca se ha evaluado su potencial como lecho filtrante en el tratamiento de aguas residuales sanitarias. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la influencia de la adición fotocatalítica de TiO2 en CP sobre la concentración de fósforo total, amoníaco total, nitrato, sólidos totales y turbidez para su aplicación en el tratamiento de aguas residuales sanitarias. La luz del sol se utilizó como fuente de radiación. Se construyó un reactor fotocatalítico plano, en el cual se bombearon 100 litros de aguas residuales sin tratar, con un caudal de 100 L/min sobre las placas de PC, cubriendo un área total de 1 m². Las concentraciones de TiO2 añadidas al PC fueron 3, 6 y 10%. Los resultados indican eficiencia en la adsorción de fósforo total, amoníaco total, nitrato, sólidos totales y turbidez. Por lo tanto, el uso de CP asociado con 10% de TiO2 puede agregar eficiencia al proceso de tratamiento de aguas residuales sanitarias al mantener un buen comportamiento mecánico e hidráulico.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é viabilizar o uso de escória de forno elétrico (FEA) em substituição ao agregado graúdo convencional na fabricação de concreto permeável (CoPe), atingindo os parâmetros mínimos exigidos pela norma NBR16416/2015. Esta substituição minimizaria a utilização de agregados naturais, além de aproveitar um resíduo que não tem destinação específica. Para alcançar o objetivo foram escolhidos três FEA’s com diferentes distribuições granulométricas: 6-10 mm (A), 10-20 mm (B) e finalmente uma mistura das duas anteriores (C) na proporção 30-70 respectivamente. Para avaliar seu comportamento mecânico foram realizados ensaios de resistência à compressão e tração na flexão, enquanto na avaliação do comportamento hidráulico, índice de vazios e permeabilidade à carga constante foram realizados. Na compressão foram obtidas resistências variando de 19-31MPa e 3-4MPa na tração na flexão. Em termos hidráulicos, o índice de vazios variou de 15%-20% e o coeficiente de permeabilidade de 10-12mm/s. Também se verifica a influência direta dos grãos de tamanho inferior a 4.8 mm (agregado miúdo) na resistência à compressão e na permeabilidade dos CoPes. Ao final, a partir dos resultados obtidos foi possível estabelecer uma correlação entre a resistência à compressão, a permeabilidade e a porcentagem de grãos inferiores a 4.8mm (%areia), sendo esta positiva em relação às variáveis estudadas, ou seja, as propriedades mecânicas e hidráulica. Por tanto foi concluído que é viável a substituição total dos agregados convencionais por FEA na fabricação de CoPe cumprindo com os parâmetros mínimos da NBR 16416/2015.

Abstract The objective of this work is to make feasible the use of FEA slag instead of the conventional bulk aggregate in the pervious concrete (PC) production, reaching the minimum parameters required by NBR16416/2015 and ACI 522R-10. This substitution would minimize the use of natural aggregates, besides taking advantage of a residue that has no specific destination. In order to reach the objective, three FEAs with different grain sizes were chosen: 6-10 mm (A), 10-20 mm (B) and finally a mixture of the two previous ones (C) in the proportion 30-70 respectively. In order to evaluate its mechanical behavior, tests of compressive strength and flexural tensile tests were carried out, while the evaluation of the hydraulic behavior, porosity and constant head permeability test were performed. The compressive strength varies from 19-31MPa and 3-4MPa for flexural tensile strength was obtained. In hydraulic terms, the porosity varied from 15-20% and the permeability coefficient was 10-12mm/s. There is also a direct influence of grains of size less than 4.8 mm (small aggregate) on the compressive strength and permeability of PCs. At the end of the results, it was possible to establish a correlation between the compressive strength, the permeability and the percentage of grains inferior to 4.8mm (sand%), being this positive in relation to the studied variables, that is, the mechanical and hydraulics. Therefore, it has been concluded that the total substitution of conventional aggregates by FEA in CoPe manufacturing will comply with the minimum parameters of NBR 16416/2015.

Resumo Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a influência da adição de esporos de B. subtilis AP91 nas propriedades mecânicas de argamassas. Para tanto, a bactéria B. subtilis AP91 isolada de folhas de arroz da variedade agulha precoce foi utilizada na concentração de 105 esporos/mL em argamassas com traço de 1:3 (em massa) e relação água/cimento (a/c) de 0,63. Os esporos bacterianos foram adicionados de duas diferentes formas: na água de amassamento e por imersão em solução contendo os esporos. A análise por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) com Sistema de Energia Dispersiva (EDS) mostrou cristais com picos de cálcio, o que possivelmente indica a presença de carbonato de cálcio bioprecipitado. Os resultados obtidos a partir da análise mecânica mostraram que a bioprecipitação de CaCO3 pela bactéria B. subtilis AP91 foi satisfatória, particularmente quando os esporos foram adicionados à água de amassamento, aumentando a resistência à compressão em até 31%. Portanto, conclui-se que a adição de esporos de B. subtilis AP91 na água de amassamento das argamassas induziu a biocimentação, que aumentou a resistência à compressão. A bioprecipitação de carbonato de cálcio pode ter outras consequências benéficas, como o fechamento de poros e fissuras em materiais cimentícios, que poderiam melhorar a durabilidade, embora mais pesquisas neste aspecto ainda sejam necessárias.

Abstract This study aims to evaluate the influence of B. subtilis AP91 spores addition on the mechanical properties of mortars. B. subtilis strain AP91, isolated from rice leaves of the needle variety, which has an early cycle of production, was used at the concentration of 105 spores/mL in mortars with cement-to-sand ratio of 1:3 (by weight) and water-to-cement ratio (w/c) of 0.63. These spores were added in two different ways: in the mixing water and by immersion in a solution containing bacterial spores. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis showed crystals with calcium peaks on the EDS, which possibly indicates the presence of bioprecipitated calcium carbonate. The results obtained in the mechanical analysis showed that the bioprecipitation of CaCO3 by B. subtilis strain AP91 was satisfactory, particularly when the spores were added in the mixing water, increasing the compressive strength up to 31%. Thus, it was concluded that the addition of B. subtilis AP91 spores in the mixing water of cement mortars induced biocementation, which increased the compressive strength. This bioprecipitation of calcium carbonate may very well have other advantageous consequences, such as the closure of pores and cracks in cementitious materials that could improve durability properties, although more research is still needed on this matter.

Abstract In this work it was analyzed the reception of interpretive genres in Guayaquil Naval Academy based on the communicational impact of the Journalism Club from the newspaper El Telégrafo. It was sought to identify the processes of reception of the interpretive genres and their communicational incidence on students. The type of research is descriptive, the methodology is hermeneutical. In this investigation it was used nine research techniques, between quantitative and qualitative. Population is 357 students, it was used the probabilistic technique with mathematical equations to quantify the sample, which corresponds to 145 students. It was found out that there is a need to implement interpretive genres in the study area, to generate and develop cognitive skills, and design effective communication strategies in the institution. All these techniques will help to improve the learning process.

Resumen Este trabajo analiza la recepción de los géneros periodísticos interpretativos en la Academia Naval Guayaquil, a partir de la incidencia comunicacional del Club de Periodismo del diario El Telégrafo. Se buscó identificar los procesos de recepción de los géneros interpretativos y su incidencia comunicacional en los estudiantes. El tipo de investigación fue descriptiva, con una metodología hermenéutica y nueve técnicas de investigación (entre cuantitativas y cualitativas). La población para la investigación fue de 357 estudiantes, usando una técnica probabilística con ecuaciones matemáticas para cuantificar la muestra, la misma que correspondió a 145 alumnos. A través de esto, se logró observar la necesidad de implementar los géneros interpretativos como tema de estudio, para generar y desarrollar las habilidades cognitivas y diseñar estrategias de comunicación efectivas dentro de la institución, todo esto enfocado a mejorar el proceso de aprendizaje.

Reducing the temperatures in the production of asphalt mixes is currently one the most important challenges in the field of road engineering. This paper studies one the latest technologies applied in the manufacture of warm mix asphalt, called super stabilized emulsion. The application of mixing and compacting procedures for hot mix asphalt to this type of warm mixes, was studied. Additionally, physical and mechanical properties of the mixes with super stabilized emulsion were compared with hot mix asphalt. It was concluded that the most appropriate manufacturing method for these warm mixes includes the use of a gyratory compactor. The properties of warm mixes were different than those of hot mixes, however, they were within adequate ranges.

La reducción de las temperaturas de producción de las mezclas asfálticas, presenta en la actualidad uno de los desafíos más importantes en la ingeniería de caminos. El presente artículo estudia una de las últimas tecnologías para la fabricación de mezclas asfálticas templadas/warm mix asphalt denominada emulsión super-estabilizada. Se estudió la aplicabilidad de los procedimientos de mezclado y compactación de mezclas asfálticas en caliente a este tipo de mezclas templadas. También se compararon propiedades físicas y mecánicas de las mezclas con emulsión super-estabilizada versus mezclas asfálticas en caliente. Se determinó que el método de fabricación más apropiado para estas mezclas templadas es aquel que considera el uso del compactador giratorio. Las propiedades de las mezclas templadas fueron diferentes a las de las mezclas en caliente, sin embargo dentro de rangos adecuados.

Objectives: To determine if the implementation of a personalized diet for three months improves the nutritional status of pregnant women with overweight and obesity of the UMF No. 56. Methodology: Prospective longitudinal study in 53 overweight or obese pregnant women to whom which were given a specific diet, according to its particular characteristics; were evaluated the characteristics of the right diet, 24 hours recall, frequency of food consumption, weight and biochemical indicators. The real, ideal and projected weight of the patients was compared. McNemar test and Kuskal-Wallis was applied with confidence interval of 95%. Results: the BMI pre-gestational average was 28.5 kg / m2. At the end ofthe study pregnant women improved the characteristics of the right diet: the complete one (9.4% vs 60.4%), the percentage of adequacy of lipids (7.5% vs 45.3%) and increased in active physical activity (22.6% vs 54.7%). Ideal gestational weight wasn't reached, but there was a weight control reflected in a projected weight higher than real in each intervention. No significant changes in the biochemical indicator (p> 0.05). Conclusions: The implementation of a personalized diet improved the nutritional status of overweight or obese pregnant women in their eating patterns and gestational weight control.

Objetivo: Determinar si la implementación de una dieta personalizada durante tres meses, mejora el estado nutricional de mujeres embarazadas con sobrepeso y obesidad de la UMF No. 56. Metodología: Estudio prospectivo longitudinal en 53 embarazadas con sobrepeso u obesidad a las que se les proporcionó una dieta específica, de acuerdo a sus características particulares; se evaluaron las características de la dieta correcta, la R24H, la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos, el peso corporal e indicadores bioquímicos. Se comparó el peso real, peso proyectado y peso ideal de las pacientes. Se aplicó prueba de McNemar y Kuskal-Wallis con nivel de confianza de 95%. Resultados: el promedio del IMC pregestacional fue 28.5 kg/m2. Al finalizar el estudio las gestantes mejoraron las características de la dieta correcta: la completa (9.4% a 60.4%), el porcentaje recomendable de adecuación de lípidos (7.5% a 45.3%) y aumentaron la actividad física activa (22.6% a 54.7%). No se alcanzó el peso ideal gestacional, pero se logró control de peso, reflejado en peso proyectado mayor al real en cada intervención. Sin cambios significativos en el indicador bioquímico (p>0.05). Conclusiones: La implementación de la dieta personalizada mejoró el estado nutricional de mujeres embarazadas con sobrepeso u obesidad en sus patrones de alimentación y en el control de peso gestacional.

The Chilean economic model has increased the risk of financial transactions in a population with low levels of economic literacy. Especially worrying is the situation of teachers and university students of pedagogy by multiplicative impact of their conduct on future students. The objectives were to detect gaps of knowledge in economic and financial education based on the review of the research developed in Chile; and to propose an educational model for financial and economic literacy in initial teacher training. The results show the precarious economic training in the educational curriculum and the need to intervene in different segments of population, especially teachers and students of pedagogy. The researchers propose a model that integrates the components of economic education and their articulators concepts with the guidelines of the OECD, the specific contents and teaching methodology in a proposal of economic education for initial teacher training.

El modelo económico chileno ha aumentado el riesgo de las operaciones financieras en una población con bajos niveles de alfabetización económica. Especialmente preocupante es la situación de profesores y estudiantes universitarios de pedagogía, por el impacto multiplicativo de su conducta en futuros estudiantes. Los objetivos fueron detectar brechas de conocimiento en educación económica y financiera, a partir de la investigación desarrollada en Chile y proponer un modelo educativo para la alfabetización económica y financiera en la formación inicial docente. Los resultados indican la precaria formación económica en el currículum educativo y la necesidad de intervenir en distintos segmentos de la población, especialmente en profesores y estudiantes de pedagogía. Se propone un modelo que integra los componentes de la educación económica y sus conceptos articuladores con los lineamientos de la OCDE, los contenidos específicos y la metodología didáctica en una propuesta de educación económica para la formación inicial docente.

O modelo econômico chileno tem aumentado o risco das operações financeiras para a população com baixos níveis de alfabetização econômica. Particularmente, é preocupante a situação dos professores e estudantes de Pedagogia pelo impacto das suas condutas em seus futuros estudantes. Objetivou-se detectar as lacunas de conhecimento em educação econòmica e financeira, a partir de investigação desenvolvida no Chile; também propor um modelo educacional para a alfabetização econômica e financeira na formação inicial de professores. Resultados indicam a precària formação econômica no currículo educacional e a necessidade de intervir junto aos diferentes segmentos da população, especialmente, aos professores e estudantes de Pedagogia. Propõe-se um modelo que integra os componentes da educação econômica e seus conteúdos articuladores com os alinhamentos da OCDE e os conteúdos específicos bem como a metodologia de ensino em uma proposta de educação econômica para a formação inicial de professores.

The use of tropical legumes rich in protein is of interest for its nutritional value and low cost, but must be preceded by biological and economic studies to establish their efficiency. The effects of mucuna (Stizolobium deeringianum) bean four incorporation as partial replacement of soybean in the finisher food on productive performance and yielding at slaughter in Campero INTA chickens were studied. The control diet was developed based on corn, soybeans and finisher feed premix. In the trial diet, mucuna bean treated with Ca(OH)² 1% replaced 30% of soybean. The comparative analysis was performed using a factorial ANOVA, with sex and type of food as main effects. The weight gain of the chickens fed with the control diet was statistically higher than the values of mucuna diet with 1.385,27 ± 281,52 g and 1.258,63 ± 365,27 g respectively. The feed intake of the control group showed a numerical difference, although the degree of significance only showed a trend towards statistical separation (p= 0,08). Body composition variables showed no statistical differences between treatments. Mucuna bean treated with alkaline solution causes a decrease of weight gain in Campero INTA chickens during the fattening phase. Further studies are necessary regarding the removal of anti-nutritional factors that may enable the practical use of new types of foods.

Las leguminosas tropicales ricas en proteínas son de interés por su valor nutricional y bajo costo, aunque su uso debe ser precedido por estudios biológicos y económicos que permitan establecer su efciencia. En el presente trabajo se estudió el efecto de la incorporación de harina de poroto mucuna (Stizolobium deeringianum) en reemplazo parcial de la soja, sobre las variables productivas y rendimiento a la faena de pollos Campero INTA. La dieta control fue elaborada en base a maíz, soja y una premezcla para alimento terminador. En la dieta de prueba, el poroto mucuna tratado con Ca(OH)² al 1% reemplazó el 30% de la harina de soja. El análisis comparativo se realizó mediante ANOVA en un arreglo factorial, con el sexo y tipo de alimento como efectos principales. Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente signifcativas (p<0,05) para ganancia de peso, con valores de 1.385,27 ± 281,52 g para los pollos alimentados con la dieta control y 1.258,63 ± 365,27 g para la de prueba. El consumo de alimento demostró una diferencia numérica a favor de los controles (410 g), aunque el grado de signifcancia solo manifestó una tendencia a la separación estadística (p= 0,08). Las variables de composición corporal no mostraron diferencias estadísticas entre los tratamientos. La inclusión de poroto mucuna tratado con solución alcalina produjo disminución de la ganancia de peso en pollos Campero INTA en fase de terminación. Se considera necesario profundizar los estudios sobre los métodos de eliminación de los factores antinutricionales, de tal manera que permitan la utilización de este tipo de alimento.

In a context of great organizational heterogeneity and resources raises estimate the economic results of the sheep production of Cordoba, Argentina, with the purpose to generate references for decision-making related to the development of the sector. On the basis of cases study information was collected in six agroregions, through semi-structured surveys and in-depth interviews. The sale of lamb was the largest participation between income (83% of cases); labor (41 %) and supplements (17 %) the main components in the average total cost. The ovine activity achievement positive gross margins in small and mediumsized establishments highland and lowland, extensive and semi-intensive, specialized or diversifed. Strategies, techniques, business and management, enabled to achieve gross margins similar or superior to those of beef cattle. Climatic, technical and structural factors generated margins net negative in establishments of northwest and center-west of Cordoba. It is concluded that while the sheep production increased the economic benefit in half of the systems analyzed, without changes related to productive strategies and public policy the sector, the medium-term viability will be affected in the most vulnerable systems.

En un contexto de gran heterogeneidad organizativa y de recursos se estimaron los resultados económicos de la producción ovina de Córdoba, Argentina, con el propósito de generar referencias para la toma de decisiones relacionadas con el desarrollo del sector. Mediante estudio de casos se recogió información en seis agro-regiones, a través de encuestas semiestructuradas y entrevistas en profundidad. La venta de cordero fue el rubro de mayor participación entre los ingresos (83% de los casos); mano de obra (41%) y suplementos (17%), los principales componentes en el promedio de costos totales. La actividad ovina logró márgenes brutos positivos en pequeños y medianos establecimientos serranos y de llanura, extensivos y semi-intensivos, especializados o diversifcados. Estrategias técnicas, comerciales y de gestión, permitieron alcanzar márgenes brutos similares o superiores a los de ganadería vacuna. Factores climáticos, técnicos y estructurales generaron márgenes netos negativos en establecimientos del noroeste y centro-oeste de Córdoba. Se concluye que si bien la producción ovina acrecentó el beneficio económico en la mitad de los sistemas analizados, de no mediar cambios de estrategias productivas y de políticas públicas vinculadas al sector, la viabilidad a mediano plazo se verá afectada en los sistemas más vulnerables.

The thermomechanical properties of dough and the physical characteristics of bread from quinoa-wheat and potato-wheat composite flours at 10 and 20% substitution level were evaluated. The functional properties of flours were measured by the water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI) and swelling power (SP). The thermomechanical properties of wheat and composite flours were assessed using a Mixolab and the baking quality characteristics of breads were weight, height, width, and specific volume. The results showed that the higher values of WAI (4.48), WSI (7.45%), and SP (4.84) were for potato flour. The quinoa-wheat composite flour presented lower setback and cooking stability data, which are a good indicator of shelf life of bread. On the other hand, the potato-wheat composite flour showed lower stability, minimum torque and peak torque, and higher water absorption. Weight, height, width, and specific volume of wheat bread were most similar to samples of potato-wheat composite flour at 10% substitution level.

In this work we evaluate different variables in relation with the reproductive output in two traditional breed chicken types one of them semi-heavy for egg production (Negra and Rubia INTA) and the other one heavy whose offsprings are destined to meat chicken production (Campero INTA). We found significative differences in the settables egg number (191 and 110 eggs per hen per year) in the fertility percent (93 and 88) in the hatchability (88 and 83) and in the chick number per hen per year (158 and 82) between semi-heavy an heavy chickens respectively. These results agree with the references in relation with reproductive fitness in laying and meat type chickens.

En el presente trabajo se evaluaron distintas variables que se relacionan con el rendimiento reproductivo en dos tipos de aves de líneas tradicionales, una semi-pesada, seleccionada para la producción de huevos para consumo (Negra y Rubia INTA) y otra pesada, cuya progenie se destina a la producción de carne aviar (Campero INTA). Se hallaron diferencias significativas en el número de huevos incubables (191 y 110 huevos por ave/año), en los porcentajes de fertilidad (93 y 88%), incubabilidad (88 y 83%) y en el número de pollitos por ave por año (158 y 82) entre las aves semi-pesadas y pesadas, respectivamente. Dicho comportamiento coincide con lo referido por la bibliografía con relación a la aptitud reproductiva de razas productoras de huevo para consumo y razas productoras de carne.